Meningioma Surgery

Meningiomas are tumors that originate from the membrane layers called the meninges, which surround the brain and spinal cord. Meningiomas, one of the most common types of brain tumors, are mostly benign; however, depending on the area in which they grow, they can cause serious neurological problems. In particular, meningiomas that put pressure on the surrounding brain tissue may cause symptoms such as headaches, visual disturbances, seizures, and balance problems.

In patients diagnosed with meningioma, the treatment plan is determined according to the size, location, and growth rate of the tumor, as well as the patient’s general health condition. In many cases, surgical treatment is considered the most effective method. Meningioma surgery aims to remove the tumor completely or to a large extent. Today, thanks to advanced microsurgical techniques and technological equipment, highly successful results can be achieved in meningioma surgery.

What Is a Meningioma?

A meningioma is a tumor that develops from the membrane layers that protect the brain and spinal cord. It does not originate from the brain tissue itself, but as it grows, it can put pressure on the brain and cause various symptoms.

Although most meningiomas are benign, some types may behave more aggressively. Therefore, regular follow-up and treatment when necessary are of great importance.

Where Do Meningiomas Occur?

Meningiomas can occur in different regions of the brain.

The most common locations include:

• Areas close to the surface of the brain
• Skull base
• Parasagittal region
• Sphenoid wing
• Around the optic nerve
• Around the cerebellum

The location of the tumor can directly affect the symptoms and treatment plan.

Why Is Meningioma Surgery Performed?

Not every meningioma requires surgery. Some small tumors that do not cause symptoms can simply be monitored.

However, surgery may be considered in the following situations.

Tumor Growth

The observation of tumor growth during MRI follow-ups may create a need for surgery.

Pressure on the Brain

A growing tumor may put pressure on surrounding tissues and cause neurological problems.

Increasing Symptoms

The development of symptoms such as headaches, seizures, vision loss, or balance disorders may require treatment.

Suspicion of Malignancy

Some imaging findings may suggest that the tumor could behave aggressively.

What Are the Symptoms of Meningioma?

Symptoms may vary depending on the size and location of the tumor.

Headache: One of the most common symptoms. Headaches that become more severe over time should be carefully evaluated.

Vision Problems: Vision loss or double vision may occur in tumors located close to the optic nerve.

Epileptic Seizures: Some meningiomas may cause seizures.

Balance Disorders: These may occur in tumors located near the cerebellum or balance centers.

Loss of Strength in the Arms and Legs: Weakness may occur in tumors affecting the motor areas.

Memory Problems: Forgetfulness and behavioral changes may occur, particularly in frontal region meningiomas.

Preparation Process Before Meningioma Surgery

Preoperative preparation is extremely important for a successful operation.

Detailed Neurological Examination

The patient’s neurological functions are evaluated.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

The size and location of the tumor are examined in detail.

Computed Tomography

The relationship of the tumor with bone structures may be evaluated.

Blood Tests

The patient’s general health condition is analyzed.

Anesthesia Evaluation

The anesthesia method to be used during surgery is planned.

How Is Meningioma Surgery Performed?

Meningioma surgery is one of the important operations in neurosurgery.

Administration of Anesthesia

The surgery is performed under general anesthesia. The patient remains asleep throughout the operation.

Preparation of the Surgical Area

The surgical plan is created according to the location of the tumor.

Craniotomy Procedure: The surgeon reaches the brain tissue by opening a controlled window in the skull.

This procedure is called a craniotomy.

Visualization of the Tumor: The tumor is visualized in detail with the help of a microscope.

Removal of the Tumor

The aim is to remove the tumor as completely as possible.

Thanks to modern microsurgical techniques, the procedure is performed with the aim of preserving the surrounding tissues.

Bleeding Control: Any bleeding that may occur during surgery is carefully controlled.

Closure of the Skull: After the procedure is completed, the bone flap is placed back into position and the incision is closed.

Importance of Microsurgical Techniques

Microsurgical techniques are of great importance in modern neurosurgery.

• High Magnification
• Preservation of Healthy Tissues
• Safer Surgery

Technologies Used in Meningioma Surgery

Technological developments have significantly increased the success of surgery.

Neuronavigation Systems

These are also known as brain mapping systems.

They provide guidance to the surgeon during surgery.

Intraoperative Microscope

It provides high-resolution visualization.

Neuromonitoring

It helps preserve nerve functions.

Advanced Imaging Systems

They facilitate surgical planning.

How Long Does Meningioma Surgery Take?

The duration of surgery depends on the size and location of the tumor.

Generally, operations may take between 3 and 8 hours. In some complex cases, this duration may be longer.

Intensive Care Process After Meningioma Surgery

After the operation, the patient may be transferred to the intensive care unit for close monitoring.

First Hours: Vital functions are closely monitored.

Neurological Monitoring: Speech, movement, and level of consciousness are evaluated.

Pain Control: Necessary treatments are administered for the patient’s comfort.

Recovery Process After Meningioma Surgery

The recovery process is different for every patient.

Length of Hospital Stay

It may generally vary from a few days to one week.

Return to Daily Activities

Most patients can return to their daily lives within a few weeks.

Regular Follow-Ups

The recovery process is monitored with MRI scans.

What Are the Risks of Meningioma Surgery?

As with every surgical procedure, meningioma surgery also carries certain risks.

Infection: Although rare, it may occur.

Bleeding: It may develop during or after surgery.

Neurological Deficits: Depending on the location of the tumor, certain neurological effects may occur.

Brain Edema: Temporary swelling may develop.

Seizures: Some patients may experience seizures after surgery.

However, thanks to advanced techniques available today, these risks have been significantly reduced.

Can Meningioma Recur?

The possibility of recurrence depends on the grade of the tumor.

Grade 1 Meningiomas

When completely removed, the risk of recurrence is low.

Grade 2 Meningiomas

They require closer follow-up.

Grade 3 Meningiomas

The likelihood of recurrence is higher.

Therefore, regular MRI follow-ups are extremely important.

Is Radiotherapy Necessary After Meningioma Surgery?

Radiotherapy is not applied to every patient.

In Which Situations May It Be Applied?

• When the tumor cannot be completely removed
• In recurrent meningiomas
• In atypical meningiomas
• In malignant tumors

The treatment decision is made as a result of a multidisciplinary evaluation.

What Is the Success Rate of Meningioma Surgery?

The success rate varies depending on the location and size of the tumor, as well as surgical experience.

Very high success rates can be achieved in benign meningiomas located in surgically suitable areas.

Quality of life can be significantly improved in patients who are diagnosed early and treated in a timely manner.

Life After Meningioma Surgery

After surgery, many patients can return to their normal lives.

Regular Follow-Up: MRI scans should be performed at the intervals determined by the physician.

Healthy Lifestyle Habits: A balanced diet and regular physical activity are recommended.

Medication Use: Medications prescribed by the physician should be taken regularly.

Psychological Support: Psychological counseling may be sought when necessary.

Meningioma surgery is one of the most effective methods in the treatment of tumors originating from the membranes of the brain. Today, thanks to microsurgical techniques, neuronavigation systems, and advanced imaging technologies, operations can be performed more safely and successfully.

Early diagnosis and proper surgical planning are among the most important factors for treatment success. It is extremely important for individuals experiencing headaches, seizures, vision problems, or neurological symptoms to seek specialist evaluation without delay. Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı provides his patients with comprehensive treatment options for the surgical treatment of meningiomas and other brain tumors through his experience and up-to-date surgical approaches.