Pituitary Surgery is an operation that involves the surgical removal of tumors or masses that develop in the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain and known as the “hormonal control center” of the body. The pituitary gland regulates the functions of many organs, including the thyroid, adrenal glands, reproductive hormones and growth hormones. Therefore, a tumor in this area may cause numerous serious problems ranging from hormonal imbalances to vision loss.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı emphasizes that Pituitary Surgery must be performed using a multidisciplinary approach and that the combined assessment of neurosurgery, endocrinology and ophthalmology specialists plays a major role in treatment success.
Although the pituitary gland is approximately the size of a pea, it is the central organ of body metabolism. Even small tumors in such a tiny structure can cause serious systemic disorders. Therefore, surgical intervention is performed both to restore hormonal balance and to eliminate nerve compression.
Pituitary tumors are benign (adenomas) or, rarely, malignant cell growths that develop in the pituitary gland. These tumors usually grow slowly but may cause various symptoms by compressing surrounding structures.
These tumors are characterized by excessive hormone production.
These do not affect hormonal balance but may cause headaches and vision loss by pressing on surrounding tissues.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı notes that most pituitary tumors are benign, but surgical intervention may be required due to their effects on hormonal balance.
Pituitary Surgery is preferred in tumors that do not respond to medical treatment or that compress the optic nerve.
The main reasons include:
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı emphasizes that the decision for surgery is based not only on tumor size but also on the patient's overall condition, hormone levels and neurological findings.
Before surgery, detailed hormone tests, MRI imaging and eye examinations are performed.
Endocrinological evaluation: Determines which hormones are overproduced or deficient.
Visual field test: Assesses compression on the optic nerve.
Brain MRI: Identifies the size, location and structural relations of the tumor.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı states that meticulous preoperative planning directly affects surgical success.
Transsphenoidal Surgery
The most commonly used technique. The tumor is reached through the nose or sinus cavity. Since brain tissue is not damaged, the risk of complications is reduced.
High-resolution images are provided with camera systems. The surgeon can see the tumor clearly and operate with greater precision.
Preferred when the tumor is large or located in an area inaccessible by other methods.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı states that endoscopic Pituitary Surgery performed through the nasal route is preferred in most patients today, resulting in shorter recovery periods and cosmetic advantages.
Pituitary Surgery is performed under general anesthesia.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı notes that the operation usually lasts between 2 and 4 hours, though it may take longer for large tumors.
After surgery, patients are usually monitored in intensive care for one day. Hormonal balance is closely followed.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı highlights that early mobilization reduces complication risk.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı states that the success rate of this method reaches up to 90% in experienced centers.
Like any surgical procedure, Pituitary Surgery carries risks, though these are very low in expert hands.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
If a small opening remains in the brain membrane after surgery, fluid may leak. Symptoms include headache and nasal discharge.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı notes that this complication is usually prevented using special patching techniques during surgery.
Inflammation of the meninges may rarely occur. Sterile techniques minimize this risk.
If the pituitary gland is affected, production of some hormones decreases. Hormone replacement therapy is provided.
Temporary blurring may occur due to sensitivity around the optic nerve.
A temporary increase in urination may occur due to reduced antidiuretic hormone. It usually resolves within a few days.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı emphasizes that early detection allows these complications to be controlled before permanent damage occurs.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı advises follow-ups at 6 months, 1 year and annually thereafter.
Today, Pituitary Surgery is supported by high-resolution endoscopes, neuronavigation systems and intraoperative MRI.
These technologies:
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı states that minimally invasive techniques are among the biggest advances in modern neurosurgery.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı explains that normalization of hormone levels after surgery indicates success, although some cases require additional treatments.
Restoration of Hormonal Balance
Some patients may require lifelong hormone replacement therapy, especially for thyroid or cortisol deficiency.
Vision Functions
Once pressure on the optic nerve is relieved, vision significantly improves.
Return to Daily Activities
Patients can usually return to work within 2–3 weeks.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı states that proper nutrition, adequate sleep and stress control accelerate healing.
Costs vary depending on tumor size, surgical technique, hospital stay and additional treatments.
Endoscopic surgeries are generally more cost-effective due to shorter hospital stays.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı creates personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient.
Pituitary tumors are not solely a surgical condition; hormonal, neurological and visual effects must be evaluated together.
Therefore, Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı collaborates with endocrinology, radiology and ophthalmology specialists.
This team approach reduces complications and improves long-term success.
Physical Rehabilitation
Custom exercise programs are applied for patients experiencing muscle weakness, headaches or fatigue.
Psychological Support
Hormonal changes may cause mood fluctuations. Psychological support enhances treatment success.
A diet rich in protein, vitamins and minerals is recommended.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı has developed structured follow-up systems to improve postoperative quality of life.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı states that these technologies significantly increase success rates in complex pituitary cases.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı emphasizes that long-term follow-up is essential for guaranteed success.
Pituitary Surgery is a complex but highly successful neurosurgical field. With modern medical technology and experienced specialists, these operations have become safer.
Prof. Dr. Ömür Günaldı is one of the pioneers of minimally invasive pituitary surgery in Turkey. His goal is to restore hormonal balance while preserving nerve functions.
With accurate diagnosis, an experienced surgeon and a multidisciplinary approach, patients can return to a healthy life after Pituitary Surgery.
Early diagnosis and regular follow-ups prevent complications and increase treatment success.
A healthy hormonal balance is the strongest foundation supporting all systems of the body.
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